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MackTheKnife
P&P Score: 99.12   Points: 103.40   Accuracy: 73.48%   Average Pick Score: 1.44   Annual Return: 14.17% (55.84% since 3/6/08)  

MackTheKnife's Blog : Show Me the Money, Mr. Market . . .

Date October 11, 2009  Edited: October 11, 2009    Comments Comments (24)    Rate this post Recommend This Post (94)   
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In the first half of the 1980s, I was the editor of a weekly newspaper on a barrier island down the Shore in New Jersey. Timewise, it was a demanding job: writing, editing, writing, copy editing, writing, proofreading, writing, designing the occasional layout, writing. You get the idea.

My motto in those days was "An Ad Rep Works From Sun to Sun, But an Editor's Work Is Never Done." Still, I always managed to find an hour -- or three -- every season to visit the beach and simply watch the ceaseless Atlantic Ocean as it first rolled in and then rolled out.

Accordingly, I guess it is natural I see waves almost everywhere I look, even today. Waves of people on Fifth Avenue. Waves of pigeons in Central Park. And waves of money in the financial markets.

As mentioned elsewhere at P&P, the proprietary Mighty MTK Equity-Market Money-Flow Indicator (MMEMMFI) is among the primary metrics employed to monitor the daily waves of cash moving in and out the stock market as measured here at the home office of the completely fictional Druids Investment Group (Can You DIG It?).

The MMEMMFI has two components: a Daily Index and a Trend Index. Both in theory and in practice, the Daily Index's values range between -1.00 and 1.00, while the Trend Index's values range from slightly higher than -1.00 to slightly lower than 1.00 (i.e., the only way the latter's values can reach either -1.00 or 1.00 is by rounding). In each index, the highest value is associated with accumulation, and the lowest value is associated with distribution.

Based on end-of-day data collected on the 195 trading days between Jan 2 and Oct 9 of this year, inclusive, the three below-presented charts show the following relationships:
-- Figure 1: Between the MMEMMFI's Daily Index and its Trend Index.
-- Figure 2: Between the MMEMMFI's Daily Index and the Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 (SPX).
-- Figure 3: Between the MMEMMFI's Trend Index and the S&P 500.

Figure 1



Source: Druids Investment Group (DIG)

Figure 2



Source: DIG Chart Based on DIG and Yahoo! Finance Data

Figure 3



Source: DIG Chart Based on DIG and Yahoo! Finance Data

In my current interpretation of the MMEMMFI as presented in these charts as well as in their underlying data sets:
-- The last significant peak in money flow was on Sep 17 (according to both the Daily Index and the Trend Index).
-- The last significant trough in money flow was on either Oct 2 (per the Daily Index) or Oct 5 (per the Trend Index).
-- It appears more likely than not the current trendency in money flow may carry SPX higher over the next trading week, especially as it is an options-expiration week. Of course, other indicators suggest the index may be overbought in the short term.

Although the monitoring of money flow has been part and parcel of the MTK Daily Market Seismometer for quite a while, I was happy a few months ago when I came across an old Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB) Equity Research Quantitative Analysis report comparing the effectiveness of eight indicators widely employed in attempts to identify overbought and oversold equities. According to CSFB:
-- The four most successful of these indicators were (from best to worst) Bollinger bands, five-day money flow, the commodity channel index, and the nine-day relative strength index.
-- The four least successful of these indicators were (from worst to best) Fibonacci range score, moving average convergence/divergence, 14-day stochastic, and Fibonacci score.

With this in mind, I believe the following chart of SPX and the five-day Chaikin money-flow indicator from Jan 2 to Oct 9 of this year, inclusive, may be helpful to those without access to the MMEMMFI: http://tinyurl.com/yfhtn2p

Related Blog Post

OpEx Week and SPX: Aug 2007-Jul 2009 (http://tinyurl.com/yfygfq6)
Tags : SPX   CSFB   MARKET INDICATORS  

24 Comment(s):

Author TickerBandit     Date October 11, 2009 09:58 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Howdy Mack!

Regarding success of indication ... how do you define the trading scheme for the bollinger bands?

I presume that only long positions are taken and that entry is made at the lower bollinger band and exit is made at the upper bollinger band. Is that right?

The reason I ask is because if a person were to take short positions and at the touch of the uppers and hold until a touch of the lowers it would have failed produce a profit during the bull market phase this year and wouldn't have captured much of the bear market either.

On the other hand, buying the touch of lower bollinger and selling the touch of the upper did not produce good results this year getting one long in January and out in March below the price of entry. There was a nice rally in late May it worked well and then it also worked in July.

But the weakness of the touch of the upper bollinger as a exit strategy lies in its failure to maintain exposure during the market's trending phases. The trending phase is characterized by persistent price movement where proximity to the upper bollinger band is persistent and can happen on a daily basis for an extended period of time. In any case, during a trending phase, the lower bollinger band is very distant prices and will not gain proximity until the trending phase is over.

When the market is in a trading range, the touch of the bollingers can be a very effective timing tool. I liken that to little lapping waves. But for breakers, consider the touch of the upper bollinger to be the break where the wave crashes into the ankle deep water before the swell. But after the touch a more modest inundation then sweeps the shore with declining momentum until it peaks. And yet even while the beach continues to be inundated in its final stages an outflow is developing (an undercurrent).

I bring this up because there is only one way (typically) to outperform in a bull market. One "must" be able to capture the trending phases and ride them close to the extreme of the inundation of prices. This can only be done by holding during overbought condition ... long after the first touch of the upper bollinger. I consider this the most difficult aspect of "trading". Investors of course just hold ... but if one is trading, it is crucial to maintain exposure during overbought condition when the market trends ... and particularly ... never go short the up-trending phases.
Author MackTheKnife     Date October 11, 2009 10:13 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Howdy, TB!

Regarding success of indication ... how do you define the trading scheme for the bollinger bands?///I presume that only long positions are taken and that entry is made at the lower bollinger band and exit is made at the upper bollinger band. Is that right?

Employing the Bing search engine, I was able to locate the relevant CSFB file in the Adobe portable document format by copying and pasting the following string: "Quantitative Strategy Does Technical Analysis Work?" (http://tinyurl.com/ykfn75y).

The authors address methodological issues in "Appendix B" of the report.

Good luck!

MackTheKnife
Author TickerBandit     Date October 11, 2009 13:03 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Howdy Mack!!!!

Thanks for that reference. I designed the following back test strategy which makes entry on a day the price trades below the lower bollinger bands and makes exit on a day the price trades above the upper band. This is based on the strategy of the reference which posits that trading through the bollinger band portends reversal of prices. The period for the test went back to Jan 1, 2000. Unfortunately I do not have data for the years prior to 2000. I did one with commission costs and one without. The results are below:

Photobucket

The bollinger band strategy out-performed buy and hold. Also it enjoyed a high percentage of winners, however, it held losing trades too long and closed winners too early and so even with 70% winning trades it lost money. Primarily, the reason money was lost was because of two cyclical bear markets. Had we had a secular bull market this decade, I think the strategy would have been profitable (as it was in the reference during the 90s bull market). However, I have a hunch that the bollinger strategy underperformed the market overall in the 1990's for the same reason it wasn't profitable this decade. Primarily because, it simply fails to capture the trending movements when the prices are in persistent proximity to the upper bollinger bands.

I seriously question the authors conclusion of the benefit of bollinger bands as timing strategy and the conclusion that TA of the bollinger bands is predictive of future prices. A timing strategy should out perform buy and hold and if it only captures part of a bull market then one needs ask the question about which is the cart and which is the horse. By that I mean, were the bollingers profitable in the 1990's because of the 90's secular bull market? OR did we have a secular bull market because of the bollinger bands? For me, the prior question is indeed also the answer.
Author MackTheKnife     Date October 12, 2009 04:28 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Howdy, TB!

Thanks for that reference.

My pleasure.

I designed the following back test strategy which makes entry on a day the price trades below the lower bollinger bands and makes exit on a day the price trades above the upper band.

Thanks for sharing the results of your test!

I seriously question the authors conclusion of the benefit of bollinger bands as timing strategy and the conclusion that TA of the bollinger bands is predictive of future prices.

In the general case, I believe it is wise to question everything. In this particular case, I am inclined to give the authors the benefit of a doubt. For one thing, there are basic methodological differences between their approach (e.g., the employment not only of the 500 equities represented in SPX but also of deciles of these stocks) and your approach (e.g., the use of a single exchange-traded fund whose underlying foundation is the Dow Jones Industrial Average), which could account for a great deal of variance in outcomes. For another thing, I am biased: The MTK Daily Market Seismometer -- as well as my ongoing scoring of individual issues -- encompass variants of three of the indicators the authors found to be helpful (i.e., Bollinger bands, money flow, and the RSI), and no variants of any of the indicators they found to be unhelpful. (I still have my work cut out for me in terms of the CCI, which apparently deserves more than the cursory attention I gave it while considering its integration into my approach years ago.)

Good luck!

MackTheKnife
Author TickerBandit     Date October 12, 2009 07:36  Edited: October 12, 2009 by TickerBandit Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Howdy Mack!

I considered running the backtest on all of the sp500 components. But had I done that ... it would still be running. I think I will do that on the 30 DOW components some time in the future and post it here. In any event the back test shows precisely the point I was trying to emphasize. Assuming that bollinger bands will reverse prices only works part of the time. When it doesn't work it causes the most harm. Let me explain further.

When one goes long on the piercing of the lower band and the ticker trends lower, then one holds a losing ticker which persists in down-trending movement. In other words, one is letting his losses run.

When one sells the piercing of the upper bollinger band and prices trends higher, then one fails to hold a winning ticker during its up-trending phase. In other words, one is cutting his profits short.

There are many technical trading schemes which are defective but which also produce profits during bull markets. You may have heard me say this before. If one's ticker is trending higher, it is hard to get it wrong. Rising prices eventually make every entry a winner.


Its more that just winning that I am after in a trading scheme. Given sufficient volatility, a trading scheme should produce outperformance over buy and hold in a majority of tickers. In fact, insufficient volatility (price difference between highs and lows) is typically the reason a very good trading scheme underperforms on a given tickers price history).

I did notice that the authors noted that the bollingers are "best used with other indicators". I think for the very reasons I just mentioned. While it has a high percentage of winners, one needs to override some signals in order to make market performance on winners and cut losses on losers.

We are very likely to make a touch of the upper bollinger bands in most major indices (and their components) very soon. Perhaps as soon as today.

There will be two ways of looking at this event.

One is to see the event as one which portends the reversal of prices.

The other is to see the event as the first in a string of events which occur when the market trends.

So what I am saying, I guess, is that it will be one or the other but not both to any significant degree. Some trading scheme which can tolerate reasonable volatility or even indicate re-entry of a nearby second touch would be required in order to follow a trend where prices persistently pierce the upper-bollinger bands. One should seek to employ a system which cuts the losses (or loss of gains) in the event prices reverse and which gives freedom to prices which do not qualify as reversal (let the profits run). In such a scheme, the piercing of the bollinger band doesn't make the trading decisions and so it can respond to either of the outcomes.
Author MackTheKnife     Date October 12, 2009 10:04 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Howdy, TB!

I considered running the backtest on all of the sp500 components. But had I done that ... it would still be running.

And your CPU would be annoyed with you!

I think I will do that on the 30 DOW components some time in the future and post it here.

Although I am not a fan of the DJIA, this would be a pretty interesting test of the CSFB finding with respect to the Bollinger bands.

I did notice that the authors noted that the bollingers are "best used with other indicators".

I noticed that note, as well. And I agree with it as far as it goes. In my work, however, I would extend its application because I believe almost every market indicator is best used with other indicators. As a result, I employ T.A. indicators in three broad classes -- trend indicators (e.g., simple moving averages), sentiment indicators (e.g., put/call ratios), and oscillators (e.g., the relative strength index [RSI]) -- as I attempt to identify likely areas of support and resistance for either an equity-market index (e.g., SPX) or an individual stock (e.g., the Quidel Corp. [QDEL]).

We are very likely to make a touch of the upper bollinger bands in most major indices (and their components) very soon.

On the daily chart of the S&P 500, I would describe the upper BB (currently 1,084.63) as comparatively close to its present value; on the weekly chart of the same index, I would describe the upper BB (currently 1,109.25) as relatively far from its present value. In the case of SPX, therefore, my interpretation of the BBs across multiple time frames, the MMEMMFI (as well as its associated data sets), and other indicators have me looking for the next significant resistance in the range between 1,097.56 and 1,115.97, as mentioned previously here at P&P (http://tinyurl.com/yj58a5o). Of course, the two-day RSI indicates the S&P 500 could stub its toe on its way toward this area (http://tinyurl.com/yghe4tn).

Good luck!

MackTheKnife
Author JoeCole     Date October 12, 2009 12:18  Edited: October 12, 2009 by JoeCole Abuse this post Report Abuse
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When Macktheknife first published the piece on bollinger bands I found a website that suggested waiting for the price to start falling away from the bollinger band after it touches it, so it can continue to move along the band until you get a candlestick that opens and closes away from it.

Double bottom Buy: A Double Bottom Buy signal is given when prices penetrate the lower band and remain above the lower band after a subsequent low forms. Either low can be higher or lower than the other. The important thing is that the second low remains above the lower band.

Double Top Sell: A Double Top Sell signal is given when prices peak above the upper band and a subsequent peak fails to break above the upper band.

I've always been curious about bollinger bands as buy and sell indicators but noticed that stocks can tend to continue in trend with the initial move into the upper band seeming to contradict some of my momentum indicators if viewed as a bearish sign. I guess once it moves away from that one can assume that there is the potential for a correction. I've always used bollinger bands only to look for very narrow bands as a measure of low volatility.
Author TickerBandit     Date October 12, 2009 13:33  Edited: October 12, 2009 by TickerBandit Abuse this post Report Abuse
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I guess once it moves away from that one can assume that there is the potential for a correction.

As simple as that sounds, it is brilliant actually. After all, can a reversal occur without price moving away from the upper bollinger band?

The trading scheme JC is suggesting acts upon evidence and does not act on a prediction.
Author MackTheKnife     Date October 12, 2009 13:36 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Howdy, 1J!

I've always used bollinger bands only to look for very narrow bands as a measure of low volatility.

Bollinger-band width is also among my favorite indicators derived from BBs proper. My employment of it can be illustrated by one of the names currently on my "Equity Watch-Long" list: Advanced Battery Technologies Inc. (ABAT). As shown on ABAT's six-month daily chart (http://tinyurl.com/yj8sxwg), the equity's BB width at the time of this writing is about 0.529, which is its narrowest reading since around Jul 22. Alone, this BB-width reading suggests to me ABAT is close to a significant break (i.e., one of 10% or more), either upward or downward. Together with other indicators, this BB-width reading suggests to me the break is more likely to be to the upside than it is to be to the downside (although this is certainly an arguable proposition). Based on my interpretation of all the relevant data, I therefore most likely will go long ABAT on a pullback to the area of its lower BB ($3.87 at present), plus or minus a dime. (The stock was in this strike zone as recently as Oct 2.)

Good luck!

2J (Alias MackTheKnife)
Author JoeJustJoe     Date October 12, 2009 13:44 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Hey TB, GOOG points...look fer "evidunce" *-) Sssscheck out the bollie bands on thisn right cheeeya >>> TSFG. Has thatn moved away from the upper bollie yet? I see you are still holding it as a long. Just wonderin. Ehhhh, who knows? (besides me of course)...I'm sho ya wouldn wanna close it out with a GIGUNDO loss like ya did with that thur EdGY thingy...only to see it recover right after ya closed it out. Twasn't yer fault of course. FooKing bollie bands :-) 3J
Author TickerBandit     Date October 12, 2009 14:20 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Issa know what you are saying 3J. A clear case right there which illustrates my point exactly.

EGY was most certainly a loss I needed to take. I will give TSFG a rally and we will see where the market takes her. If I feel compelled, I will close the pick for a loss. I do however think it will be one of my better winners.
Author TickerBandit     Date October 12, 2009 14:22 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Actually EGY looks good here. About where I sold it last but a nice rally which looks to continue.
Author JoeJustJoe     Date October 12, 2009 14:31 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Uhhhhm yeeeeah....you sold EdGY at 4.89...riiiight. LOL I know wherst yer buy points were (2 of em) and I know how long you held onto it. You certainly didn sell at 4.89. *-) You ARE welcomed to try again with "live coverage" of the play...kinda like Mighty Mouth n DNDN...ifn yawnto. :-) Yes...I wouldn werry too much about yer TSFG pick at this point since you will need to resign to whatever the market gives you. "Hopefully" my attempt to rexscue you works out "OK" ...and for the wreckerd and so that ya know....that low on EGY (4.25ish) still ainna gonna be low enuff. Oooops! Gotta go....I'll be needing to spew on the new IVAN bored soon...being that it done did eggZack'sly like I sed it wuz gonna done do. Amaaaaazing....ainna? :-) 3J
Author MackTheKnife     Date October 12, 2009 14:56 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Howdy, 3J!

Photobucket

Given TB's current P&P Score, Points, and Accuracy (boxed in green above) and your current P&P Score, Points, and Accuracy (boxed in red above), I believe any reasonable person would conclude -- in the absence of any other relevant information -- TB might have a comparatively good handle on matters associated with the equity market and you might have a comparatively bad handle on them.

Good luck!

MackTheKnife
Author JoeJustJoe     Date October 12, 2009 15:31 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Well Mack...I will admit that it "appears" that he is in less of a hurry to catch down to me than you are...but thaaas as fer as I'll go with that thur. Did you realize the markets had staged a strong rally since March, Mack? :-) 3J
Author TickerBandit     Date October 12, 2009 18:39 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Mack,

I did the backtest on the Dow components as promised. The results are below. As you suspected, the bollingers did better with the individual tickers than on the composite. A little background on the backtest. First, every ticker was allocated $10,000 and no commissions were calculated. Based on $9.99 per trade $24,955 would have been required for commissions. Evidently, my software only has 29 tickers for the DOW components so one of them is missing. One the right side is the buy and hold and KFT doesn't show up because it's ticker doesn't have history at the buy day of the buy and hold strategy. It was a buy and hold loser though.

I have to admit that I was surprised by the results because I did not anticipate positive results for the bollinger strategy. Based on 290,000 initial account balance, excluding dividends, this strategy yielded an average 2.45% per annum before commissions and roughly 1.5% after commissions. 65% of the trades were profitable before commissions even while greater than 60% were not profitable by buy and hold.

The gain per trade was very low though. It took an average of 138 trades to earn 1.5% each year (after commissions) meaning that the typical trade netted roughly 1/100 of 1%.

I conjectured that this strategy would fail to outperform buy and hold during a bull market and so I will run a test from March 1, 2003 to November 30, 2007 and see how it compares during a bull market. I do expect positive performance much better than the decade test but less than buy and hold through the period. Will be interesting. Here are the results from the first test below which can be compared to the composite DIA (above) over the same period (Jan 01, 2000 to Oct 12, 2009).

Photobucket
Author TickerBandit     Date October 12, 2009 19:30 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Here are the results from Mar 3, 2003 through Nov 30, 2007:

Photobucket
Author MackTheKnife     Date October 13, 2009 03:32 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Howdy, TB!

Awesome! Those are pretty interesting results. (Of course, the one I find most amazing is unrelated to the employment of Bollinger bands: It is the behavior of Citigroup Inc. (C) between Mar 3, 2003 and Nov 30, 2007, using the Buy-and-Hold strategy. Mind-boggling!)

Thanks for sharing these data!

Good luck!

MackTheKnife
Author coreyfgarber     Date October 13, 2009 15:04 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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I have been following a Bollinger Band screen on Stockfetcher. They utilize 400 IBD stocks. PORTFOLIO YIELD SINCE 08/26/09: +1.71%
Author TickerBandit     Date October 13, 2009 19:33 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Your welcome, Mack.

2007 was a mind boggling horrible year for C.
Author MackTheKnife     Date October 14, 2009 05:11  Edited: October 14, 2009 by MackTheKnife Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Howdy, coreyfgarber!

I have been following a Bollinger Band screen on Stockfetcher. They utilize 400 IBD stocks. PORTFOLIO YIELD SINCE 08/26/09: +1.71%

Because I have a working knowledge of neither the constituents of IBD's 400-equity universe nor the parameters of StockFetcher.com's BB screener, I am at a disadvantage in interpreting the cited yield. However, comparing it with my calculation of the +4.38% return of the S&P 500 employing a buy-and-hold strategy between Aug 26 and Oct 12 of this year, it appears consistent with TB's findings with respect to the relative performances of BB-based and buy-and-hold strategies from Mar 3, 2003, to Nov 30, 2007 (i.e., under generally bullish equity-market conditions).

Good luck!

MackTheKnife
Author MackTheKnife     Date October 14, 2009 05:19 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Howdy, TB!

2007 was a mind boggling horrible year for C.

Indeed. Of course, it is amazing how many mind-bogglingly horrible years Citigroup (and its predecessor) has had during the past couple of decades or so. I mean: They shoot horses, don't they?

Good luck!

MackTheKnife
Author TickerBandit     Date October 14, 2009 11:09 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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It's difficult for a lender to be so dependent on the repayment of unsecured debt and not go through these wide cyclical swings which its survival. It looks like C may survive its last bump. It reports earnings tomorrow. Let's hope it did as well as JPM.
Author JoeJustJoe     Date October 14, 2009 11:28 Abuse this post Report Abuse
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Here's "the numba" that needs to go bye bye on C >>> 5.35. "Perhaps" I kin get er thur today and then errrrnuns wouldn't even matter...as we all know they don't by now. Don't baleave me? On Mon at the close come back and tell me ifn errrrnuns matterd to the price of JPM stock.:-) Clowns n idiots who bot JPM n INTC this moanin deserve what they gots comin to em. *-) 3J
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